The Opening Scene of Macbeth Sets the Mood of the Whole Play-Discuss

Macduff (Macbeth) 1 Macduff (Macbeth) Macduff (Macbeth) Dan O'Herlihy as Macduff in Orson Welles' dubious film adjustment Macbeth (1948) Creator William Shakespeare Play Date Source Family Macbeth c. 1603-1607 Holinshed's Chronicles (1587) Lady Macduff, spouse Son, (name obscure) Antagonist to Macbeth; murders him in the last demonstration. Despondency thy beguile/And let the heavenly attendant whom thou has served/Tell thee Macduff was from his mother’s belly/Untimely tore (5. 10. 14-16) Role Quote Macduff, the Thane of Fife, is a character in William Shakespeare's Macbeth (c. 603-1607). Macduff assumes a urgent job in the play: he associates Macbeth with regicide and in the long run slaughters Macbeth in the last demonstration. He is the fundamental opponent, yet the saint, in the play. The character is first known from Chronica Gentis Scotorum (late fourteenth century) and Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland (mid fifteenth century). Shakespeare drew for the most part from Holins hed's Chronicles (1587). In spite of the fact that portrayed irregularly all through the play, Macduff fills in as a foil to Macbeth, a figure of ethical quality, and an instrument to the play’s wanted extraction of gentility. OriginThe by and large plot that would fill in as the reason for Macbeth is first found in the compositions of two recorders of Scottish history, John of Fordun, whose exposition Chronica Gentis Scotorum was started around 1363 and Andrew of Wyntoun's Scots refrain Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland, composed no sooner than 1420. These filled in as the reason for the record given in Holinshed's Chronicles (1587), on whose accounts of King Duff and King Duncan Shakespeare to some degree based Macbeth. Macduff first shows up in Holinshed's account of King Duncan after Macbeth has murdered the ruler and ruled as King of Scotland for 10 years.When Macbeth calls upon his aristocrats to add to the development of Dunsinane mansion, Macduff maintains a strategic di stance from the request, stirring Macbeth's doubts. Macduff leaves Scotland for England to push Duncan's child, Malcolm, into taking the Scottish seat forcibly. Then, Macbeth kills Macduff's family. Malcolm, Macduff, and the English powers walk on Macbeth, and Macduff murders him. [1] Shakespeare follows Holinshed's record of Macduff intently, with his lone deviations being Macduff's disclosure of Duncan's body in 2. 3, and Macduff's short meeting with Ross in 2. 4.Historically, the Clan MacDuff was the most remarkable family in Fife in the medieval ages. [2] The remains of Macduff's Castle lie in East Wemyss burial ground. Job in the play Macduff first talks in the play in 2. 3 when he finds the cadaver of King Duncan in Macbeth’s mansion. He raises an alert, illuminating the château that the ruler has been killed. Macduff starts to associate Macbeth with regicide when Macbeth says, â€Å"O, yet I do apologize me of my wrath/That I killed them† (2. 3. 103-104). Strik ingly, Macduff’s name doesn't show up in this scene; rather, Banquo alludes to him as â€Å"Dear Duff† (2. 3. 75). In 2. Macbeth has left for Scone, the old illustrious city where Scottish rulers were delegated. Macduff, in the mean time, meets with Ross and an Old Man. He uncovers that he won't go to the crowning celebration of Macbeth and will rather come back to his home in Fife. Be that as it may, Macduff escapes to England to join Malcolm, the killed King Duncan’s senior child, and persuades him to return Macduff (Macbeth) to Scotland and guarantee the seat. Macbeth, in the interim, visits the Three Witches again after the ghost of Banquo shows up at the imperial meal. The Witches caution Macbeth to â€Å"beware Macduff, be careful the Thane of Fife† (4. 1. 87-88).Furthermore, they illuminate him that, â€Å"The intensity of man, for none of lady conceived/Shall hurt Macbeth† (4. 1. 96-97). Macbeth, dreading for his situation as King of Scotla nd, arranges the passings of Macduff's significant other, youngsters and family members. Macduff, who is still in England, learns of his family’s passings through Ross, another Scottish thane. He joins Malcolm, and they come back to Scotland with their English partners to confront Macbeth at Dunsinane Castle. After Macbeth kills the youthful Siward, Macduff stands up to Macbeth. In spite of the fact that Macbeth accepts that he can't be killed by any man conceived of a lady, he before long discovers that Macduff was â€Å"from his mother’s belly/Untimely ripped† (5. 10. 15-16). The two battle, and Macduff kills Macbeth offstage. Macduff at last presents Macbeth’s head to Malcolm, hailing him as ruler and approaching different thanes to pronounce their faithfulness with him (5. 11. 20-25). 2 Analysis Macduff as a foil to Macbeth As a supporting character, Macduff fills in as a foil to Macbeth; his trustworthiness straightforwardly appears differently in re lation to Macbeth’s moral depravity. [3] In a trade between the Scottish thane Lennox and another master, Lennox talks of Macduff’s trip to England and alludes to him as â€Å"some heavenly angel† (3. 6. 6) who â€Å"may before long come back to this our enduring nation/Under a hand accursed† (3. 6. 48-49). The play positions the characters of Macduff and Macbeth as blessed versus detestable. The differentiation among Macduff and Macbeth is complemented by their ways to deal with death. Macduff, becoming aware of his family’s passing, responds with a tormented anguish. His words, â€Å"But I should likewise feel it as a man† (4. 3. 223), show a limit with respect to enthusiastic affectability. While Macbeth and Lady Macbeth demand that masculinity suggests a disavowal of feeling (1. 7. 45-57), Macduff demands that passionate profundity and affectability are a piece of being a man.This translation is bolstered by Macduff’s response upo n his revelation of Duncan’s carcass and the reverberation of Macduff’s words when Macbeth reacts to the updates on Lady Macbeth’s demise. Macduff battles to discover the words to communicate his anger and anguish, crying, â€Å"O frightfulness, awfulness, horror† (2. 3. 59). In some stage translations, Macduff’s character advances from a condition of stun to one of furious alert. [4] This stands out distinctly from Macbeth’s popular reaction to the declaration of his wife’s passing: â€Å"She ought to have kicked the bucket in the future/There would possess been an energy for such a word/Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow† (5. . 17-19). Macbeth’s words appear to communicate a ruthless indifferenceâ€she would have kicked the bucket anywayâ€and maybe even propose that he has lost the ability to feel. Macduff as an ethical figure Although Macduff comes to speak to a sort of â€Å"goodness† in obscurity unive rse of Macbeth, Shakespeare additionally considers some shakiness in his character. This turns out to be generally obvious in 4. 3 when Macduff joins Malcolm in England. In this scene, the play has moved from the tumult in Scotland to England. In the trade between the two Scotsmen, Malcolm is obviously in charge and powers Macduff to inspect and accommodate with himself his own good code.In a snapshot of emotional incongruity, Macduff starts the discussion asking Malcolm to battle for Scotland instead of to lament, not realizing that Malcolm has just masterminded English military help (4. 3. 134-136). Malcolm controls Macduff, scrutinizing his dependability, encouraging his enthusiastic reactions, and testing to perceive the amount Macduff’s, and maybe the audience’s, profound quality can at last be undermined. Malcolm depicts Macbeth as a despot, however he positions himself, as well, as somebody ethically terrible. [4] He portrays his own voluptuousnessâ€the unlim ited â€Å"cistern of [his] lust† (4. 3. 4)â€and â€Å"staunchless avarice† (4. 3. 79). Macduff must choose whether he can acknowledge Malcolm as an option in contrast to Macbeth. He doesn't offer this response until the last scene, tending to Malcolm, â€Å"Hail King† (5. 6. 20). By this point, be that as it may, Malcolm has â€Å"abjure[d]/The spoils and accuses I laid upon myself,/For aliens to my nature†(4. 3. 125-127). This shows as opposed to talking honestly about himself, Malcolm was essentially trying Macduff to see where Macduff's loyalties were. Subsequently, Macduff is directly in tolerating Malcolm Macduff (Macbeth) as lord. Macduff may likewise be perused as a forerunner for moral way of thinking. 5] Macduff's departure from Scotland is a â€Å"spiritual reawakening†, with otherworldliness based around reality, paying little mind to what it might be. Macduff continually reevaluates his qualities. In choosing to leave his family, Ma cduff deserts those qualities and pays harshly for it. Macduff echoes suppositions of authors, for example, Plato and the later Thomas Hobbes, who guarantee that ethical quality may just be decided to the degree that an individual assumes liability for their activities. Along these lines, since he acknowledges the weight of his choice to leave his family for political investigation, Macduff's activities can be defended. [5] 3 Macbeth and the dream of female powerOne of the topics that the play Macbeth grapples with is the connection between male defenselessness and ladylike impact. The play investigates the dream of a female or maternal force just as the craving of a break from this impact. [6] Femaleness is to be dreaded and chided, and partly, the play attempts to extract gentility and reestablish self-governing male or fatherly force. In any case, the play additionally uncovered the inconceivability of the dream of total manliness. After Macbeth infers a lot of his inspiration fr om the Witches’ saw guarantee of strength: that no man conceived of lady can execute him.He deciphers the prediction to mean he is untainted by womanliness, as though gentility were the wellspring of defenselessness. [6] Macbeth has faith in his own insusceptibility, asserting, â€Å"I bear an enchanted life, which must not yield/To one of lady born† (Act V, scene 8). In any case, Macduff, conceived by means of caesarian segment, uncovered this dream as a false notion. He answers to Macbeth: â€Å"Despair thy fascinate,/And let the holy messenger whom thou still hast served/Tell thee, Macduff was from his motherâ�

Personal Change Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Individual Change Case - Essay Example is the point at which an individual gets mindful of his/her own singularity or character; it is likewise when he/she builds up significant connections, both with companions and sweethearts. These physical and psychosocial changes recommend that an individual at this phase in their life likely experiences changes as a part of their character too. In this paper I will consider how I have encountered these progressions in the course of the most recent couple of years, and on how I adapted to these progressions regarding Virginia Satir’s Transformational Model of Change. My life in Hong Kong was without stress and I was apparently living in a dreamland. I needed and sat tight to no end from my folks, albeit separated; they gave me all that I wanted, including love, cash for shopping, cash for abroad travel in my school breaks, in certainty cash for anything. I was mainstream among my companions and had numerous companions with whom I could invest energy shopping, moving, celebrating and for the most part simply making some great memories. I was not An evaluation understudy but rather got moderately passing marks thinking about the measure of time and exertion I put into my examination, which was pretty much nothing. My life ran easily; I comprehended what I was doing from everyday, my folks settled on the entirety of my choices for me, arranged my present and future life and I never truly thought about that things would change. I expected that my life would consistently be like this and somehow or another I was carrying on a fantasy inside a glass bu bble †not in any event, taking into account that one day that air pocket may blast! My folks concluded that it would be a decent encounter for me to concentrate abroad, a plan to which I didn't consider or want to address. Truth be told it sounded fairly energizing to me and I was anxious to have the chance of further travel, investing genuine energy in another nation and making new companions. I neglected to consider that this move was a significant change in my life and one that would realize significant change in myself. Toward the starting my transition to America was fine. I settled

Blog Archive How to Take Ownership of Your Post-MBA Goals and Show They Are Attainable

Blog Archive How to Take Ownership of Your Post-MBA Goals and Show They Are Attainable When admissions officers read your MBA application, they want to feel inspired by your personal statement; they want to know that you have a strong sense of purpose and will work energetically to attain your objectives. Thus, you must ensure that you are not presenting generic or shallow goals. Although this problem is not industry specific, it occurs most often with candidates who propose careers in investment banking or consulting but do not have a true understanding of what these positions entail. For example, a candidate cannot merely state the following goal: “In the short term, when I graduate from Wharton, I want to become an investment banking associate. After three years, I will be promoted to vice president, and then in the long term, I will become a managing director.” This hypothetical candidate does not express any passion for his/her proposed course, does not show any understanding of the demands of the positions, and does not explain the value he/she could bring to the firm. To avoid these kinds of shortcomings, conduct this simple test when writing your personal statement: if you can easily substitute another job title into your career goals and the sentence still makes perfect sense (for example, “In the short term, when I graduate from Wharton, I want to become a  consultant. After three years, I will be promoted to vice president, and then in the long term, I will become a managing director.”), you know you have a serious problem on your hands and need to put more work into your essay. To effectively convey your goals, you need to truly  own  them. This means personalizing them, determining and presenting why you expect to be a success in the proposed position, and explaining why an opportunity exists for you to contribute. For example, a former forestry engineer could make a strong argument for joining an environmental impact consulting firm. (Note: This candidate would still need to explain why he/she would  want  to join one.) Similarly, a financial analyst in the corporate finance department at Yahoo! could connect his/her goals to tech investment banking. Although the connection need not be so direct, especially for candidates seeking to change careers, relating your past experiences and/or your skills to your future path is still extremely important. This approach will add depth to your essay and ensure that the admissions committee takes you seriously. While some candidates struggle to effectively convey their post-MBA goals, many also have difficulty defining their long-term goals. Although short-term goals should be relatively specific, long-term goals can be broad and ambitious. Regardless of what your short- and long-term aspirations actually are, what is most important is presenting a clear “cause and effect” relationship between them. The admissions committee will have difficulty buying into a long-term goal that lacks grounding. However, do not interpret this to mean that you must declare your interest in an industry and then assert that you will stay in it for your entire career. You can present any career path that excites youâ€"again, as long as you also demonstrate a logical path to achieving your goals. For example, many candidates discuss having ambitions in the field of management consulting. Could an individual with such aspirations justify any of the following long-term goals? Climbing the ladder and becoming a partner in a consulting firm Launching a boutique consulting firm Leaving consulting to manage a nonprofit Leaving consulting to buy a failing manufacturing firm and forge a “turnaround” Entering the management ranks of a major corporation The answer is yes! This candidate could justify  any  of these long-term goals (along with many others), as long as he/she connects them to experiences gained via his/her career as a consultant. With regard to your goals, do not feel constrainedâ€"just be sure to emphasize and illustrate that your career objectives are logical, achievable, and ambitious. Share ThisTweet Application Tips Essays Blog Archive How to Take Ownership of Your Post-MBA Goals and Show They Are Attainable When admissions officers read your MBA application, they want to feel inspired by your personal statement; they want to know that you have a strong sense of purpose and will work energetically to attain your objectives. Thus, you must ensure that you are not presenting generic or shallow goals. Although this problem is not industry specific, it occurs most often with candidates who propose careers in investment banking or consulting but do not have a true understanding of what these positions entail. For example, a candidate cannot merely state the following goal: “In the short term, when I graduate from Wharton, I want to become an investment banking associate. After three years, I will be promoted to vice president, and then in the long term, I will become a managing director.” This hypothetical candidate does not express any passion for his/her proposed course, does not show any understanding of the demands of the positions, and does not explain the value he/she could bring to the firm. To avoid these kinds of shortcomings, conduct this simple test when writing your personal statement: if you can easily substitute another job title into your career goals and the sentence still makes perfect sense (for example, “In the short term, when I graduate from Wharton, I want to become a  consultant. After three years, I will be promoted to vice president, and then in the long term, I will become a managing director.”), you know you have a serious problem on your hands and need to put more work into your essay. To effectively convey your goals, you need to truly  own  them. This means personalizing them, determining and presenting why you expect to be a success in the proposed position, and explaining why an opportunity exists for you to contribute. For example, a former forestry engineer could make a strong argument for joining an environmental impact consulting firm. (Note: This candidate would still need to explain why he/she would  want  to join one.) Similarly, a financial analyst in the corporate finance department at Yahoo! could connect his/her goals to tech investment banking. Although the connection need not be so direct, especially for candidates seeking to change careers, relating your past experiences and/or your skills to your future path is still extremely important. This approach will add depth to your essay and ensure that the admissions committee takes you seriously. While some candidates struggle to effectively convey their post-MBA goals, many also have difficulty defining their long-term goals. Although short-term goals should be relatively specific, long-term goals can be broad and ambitious. Regardless of what your short- and long-term aspirations actually are, what is most important is presenting a clear “cause and effect” relationship between them. The admissions committee will have difficulty buying into a long-term goal that lacks grounding. However, do not interpret this to mean that you must declare your interest in an industry and then assert that you will stay in it for your entire career. You can present any career path that excites youâ€"again, as long as you also demonstrate a logical path to achieving your goals. For example, many candidates discuss having ambitions in the field of management consulting. Could an individual with such aspirations justify any of the following long-term goals? A) Climbing the ladder and becoming a partner in a consulting firm B) Launching a boutique consulting firm C) Leaving consulting to manage a nonprofit D) Leaving consulting to buy a failing manufacturing firm and forge a “turnaround” E) Entering the management ranks of a major corporation The answer is yes! This candidate could justify  any  of these long-term goals (along with many others), as long as he/she connects them to experiences gained via his/her career as a consultant. With regard to your goals, do not feel constrainedâ€"just be sure to emphasize and illustrate that your career objectives are logical, achievable, and ambitious. Share ThisTweet Application Tips Blog Archive How to Take Ownership of Your Post-MBA Goals and Show They Are Attainable When admissions officers read your MBA application, they want to feel inspired by your personal statement; they want to know that you have a strong sense of purpose and will work energetically to attain your objectives. Thus, you must ensure that you are not presenting generic or shallow goals. Although this problem is not industry specific, it occurs most often with candidates who propose careers in investment banking or consulting but do not have a true understanding of what these positions entail. For example, a candidate cannot merely state the following goal:  â€œIn the short term, after graduating from Wharton, I want to become an investment banking associate. After three years, I will be promoted to vice president, and then in the long term, I will become a managing director.” This hypothetical candidate does not express any passion for their proposed course, does not show any understanding of the demands of the positions, and does not explain the value they could bring to the firm. To avoid these kinds of shortcomings, conduct this simple test when writing your personal statement: if you can easily substitute another job title into your career goals and the sentence still makes perfect sense (for example, “In the short term, when I graduate from Wharton, I want to become a  consultant. After three years, I will be promoted to vice president, and then in the long term, I will become a managing director.”), you have a serious problem on your hands and need to put more work into your essay. To effectively convey your goals, you need to truly  own  them. This means personalizing them, determining and presenting why you expect to be a success in the proposed position, and explaining why an opportunity exists for you to contribute. For example, a former forestry engineer could make a strong argument for joining an environmental impact consulting firm. (Note: This candidate would still need to explain why they would  want  to join one.) Similarly, a financial analyst in the corporate finance department at Yahoo! could connect their goals to tech investment banking. Although the connection need not be so direct, especially for candidates seeking to change careers, relating your past experiences and/or your skills to your future path is still extremely important. This approach will add depth to your essay and ensure that the admissions committee takes you seriously. While some candidates struggle to effectively convey their immediate post-MBA goals, many also have difficulty defining their long-term goals. Although short-term goals should be relatively specific, long-term goals can be broad and ambitious. Regardless of what your short- and long-term aspirations actually are, what is most important is presenting a clear “cause and effect” relationship between them. The admissions committee will have difficulty buying into a long-term goal that lacks grounding. However, do not interpret this to mean you must declare your interest in an industry and then assert that you will stay in it for your entire career. You can present any career path that excites youâ€"again, as long as you also demonstrate a logical path to achieving your goals. For example, many candidates discuss having ambitions in the field of management consulting. Could an individual with such aspirations justify any of the following long-term goals? Climbing the ladder and becoming a partner in a consulting firm Launching a boutique consulting firm Leaving consulting to manage a nonprofit Leaving consulting to buy a failing manufacturing firm and forge a “turnaround” Entering the management ranks of a major corporation The answer is yes! This candidate could justify  any  of these long-term goals (along with many others), as long as they connect them to experiences gained via their career as a consultant. With regard to your goals, do not feel constrainedâ€"just be sure to emphasize and illustrate that your career objectives are logical, achievable, and ambitious. Share ThisTweet Application Tips Blog Archive How to Take Ownership of Your Post-MBA Goals and Show They Are Attainable When admissions officers read your MBA application, they want to feel inspired by your personal statement; they want to know that you have a strong sense of purpose and will work energetically to attain your objectives. Thus, you must ensure that you are not presenting generic or shallow goals. Although this problem is not industry specific, it occurs most often with candidates who propose careers in investment banking or consulting but do not have a true understanding of what these positions entail. For example, a candidate cannot merely state the following goal:  â€œIn the short term, after graduating from Wharton, I want to become an investment banking associate. After three years, I will be promoted to vice president, and then in the long term, I will become a managing director.” This hypothetical candidate does not express any passion for his/her proposed course, does not show any understanding of the demands of the positions, and does not explain the value he/she could bring to the firm. To avoid these kinds of shortcomings, conduct this simple test when writing your personal statement: if you can easily substitute another job title into your career goals and the sentence still makes perfect sense (for example, “In the short term, when I graduate from Wharton, I want to become a  consultant. After three years, I will be promoted to vice president, and then in the long term, I will become a managing director.”), you have a serious problem on your hands and need to put more work into your essay. To effectively convey your goals, you need to truly  own  them. This means personalizing them, determining and presenting why you expect to be a success in the proposed position, and explaining why an opportunity exists for you to contribute. For example, a former forestry engineer could make a strong argument for joining an environmental impact consulting firm. (Note: This candidate would still need to explain why he/she would  want  to join one.) Similarly, a financial analyst in the corporate finance department at Yahoo! could connect his/her goals to tech investment banking. Although the connection need not be so direct, especially for candidates seeking to change careers, relating your past experiences and/or your skills to your future path is still extremely important. This approach will add depth to your essay and ensure that the admissions committee takes you seriously. While some candidates struggle to effectively convey their immediate post-MBA goals, many also have difficulty defining their long-term goals. Although short-term goals should be relatively specific, long-term goals can be broad and ambitious. Regardless of what your short- and long-term aspirations actually are, what is most important is presenting a clear “cause and effect” relationship between them. The admissions committee will have difficulty buying into a long-term goal that lacks grounding. However, do not interpret this to mean you must declare your interest in an industry and then assert that you will stay in it for your entire career. You can present any career path that excites youâ€"again, as long as you also demonstrate a logical path to achieving your goals. For example, many candidates discuss having ambitions in the field of management consulting. Could an individual with such aspirations justify any of the following long-term goals? Climbing the ladder and becoming a partner in a consulting firm Launching a boutique consulting firm Leaving consulting to manage a nonprofit Leaving consulting to buy a failing manufacturing firm and forge a “turnaround” Entering the management ranks of a major corporation The answer is yes! This candidate could justify  any  of these long-term goals (along with many others), as long as he/she connects them to experiences gained via his/her career as a consultant. With regard to your goals, do not feel constrainedâ€"just be sure to emphasize and illustrate that your career objectives are logical, achievable, and ambitious. Share ThisTweet Application Tips

Analyzing Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal A...

Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal can be said to have a satirical surprise ending, even though the reader is well prepared for it based on the tone and style of Swifts writing and any prior knowledge of the authors intentions. Swifts final solution to the problem of overpopulation is for the poor to sell their children as food for the rich. He introduces this proposition quite early into the document A Modest Proposal, which is why the ending is not so much as a surprise as it is an intriguing rhetorical argument. The reason why the ending might seem surprising is that it seems as if Swift may indeed be presenting a realistic argument of what can be done about overpopulation, in spite of all evidence to the contrary. A reader not used to inferring messages based on tone or style might be forgiven to misread the beginning of Swifts document. For example, a person who has never heard a sarcastic tone could very well believe that Swift was being serious; in which case the reader would c ontinue to view Swifts proposal as reasonable and either consider him a monster or a genius. Generally, Swift uses the surprise ending to alert the readers to the absurdity of the original problem that reveals social injustices and inequities. One of the biggest surprises in Swifts document is when he states, I can think of no one objection, that will possibly be raised against this proposal, unless it should be urged, that the number of people will be thereby much lessened in the

Racism of Yesterday and Today Essay - 1655 Words

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by Mark Twain in the middle of the nineteenth century. Much of the inspiration for the book came from Mark Twain’s own encounters. Twain’s experiences as a steamboat pilot from 1835 to 1845 provided a great deal of the historical context for his work. The novel revolves around a southern boy, Huck, and a slave named Jim who both reject society by running away in hopes of finding freedom. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn highlights and portrays the cruelty of racism that surrounded the south in Pre-Civil War America; the racism depicted in the book still to this day receives uproar of controversy and criticism. Mark Twain’s ideas for his books like The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The†¦show more content†¦During that time, separation, slavery, and racism ran rampant. Andrew Jackson was the current and seventh president of the time. Jackson served for two terms, overall from 1829 - 1837. By the early 180 0s, slavery was almost nonexistent in the north and more primarily situated in the south. Slaves had no rights whatsoever; a white man had unlimited power over their slave. Slaves had to endure grueling labor with minimal food, clothing, and medical attention. Due to the unjust treatment of slaves, The American Colonization Society was set up to send free blacks to Africa to establish a colony. This organization was regarded as a possible solution to slavery and racism. However, an even bigger movement arose, the abolition movement. Abolitionists came about in hopes of ending slavery immediately. The arguments of the abolitionists brought light to the â€Å"immorality and inhumanity of slavery† (Bates 2). Meanwhile, white Southerners believed that their everyday lifestyle was being taken away from them. Slavery became a major political factor by the 1850s as tensions started to boil over. 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An Autobiography Of My Cultural Identity - 1687 Words

I was born and raised in the Dominican Republic. My family was catholic and so I was taught to pray and by the age of 13 I had all my sacraments. For most of my life I lived the downtown area of the main city where my mother and her family had also grown up. I considered myself very lucky because even though our economic security was not the best as I grew up, my mother always strived for me to receive the best education she could afford. As a result, I learned to speak English from a very young age and then French, I learned to play the guitar and also to paint. I also took embroidery and etiquette classes and so on. Because of the location where we lived, I also took advantage of many cultural interactions with people from other†¦show more content†¦Then, I was born in 1989, her only child. Arguably, this story was an eye opener for me from an early age. 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Zinc Reacts with Vinegar free essay sample

This research is about the chemical reaction of zinc with acetic acid to produce a short amount of electricity. Even though it only conducts a small amount of voltage, we investigated and experimented on how it can produce more than usual without adding any other components on the project except zinc, copper, vinegar, or a unique container that can increase the voltage of our product. The zinc can produce electricity because of the chemical reaction it occurs when it is soaked in vinegar’s acetic acid, the zinc is dissolved to produce hydrogen gas; while the copper’s use is only to move the electrons throughout the entire circuit and connect it to the battery powered object. The main idea we took on our research and personal experiences is that when more batteries are connected, more voltage are produced. Our design is to connect one container of vinegar, zinc, and copper to another container with the same materials to produce our needed voltage. If ever we had reached it, the starting copper wire and the last copper wire will be the wire connected to our LED bulb to light it up and hopefully to let other battery-powered objects to run with this kind of battery. In our results, we were able to light up our LED bulb with an amount of approximately 4. 25 volts while using a 12 slot ice cube tray. We found out that the way to increase the voltage of our product was to have more containers to be connected to each other. i Acknowledgements The researchers extend their gratitude to our Parents for the overall support and help, especially finding the materials needed for our research. To Ms. Michelle Baldevarona for giving us the chance to work on this project and made corrections on our mistakes And most importantly, to God, our Father, for the knowledge, strength, time, and life He gave to us to make this research a success. ii Table of Contents TitlePage A. Abstracti B. Acknowledgmentsii C. Chapter 1 a. Background of the study1 b. Statement of the Problem2 c. Formulation of the Hypothesis2 d. Significance of the Study3 e. Definition of Terms4 D. Chapter 27 E. Chapter 3 a. Research Design 12 b. Materials12 c. Procedure 13 F. Chapter 4 a. Presentation of Data, Analysis, Interpretation of Data14 b. Findings15 c. Results15 G. Chapter 5 a. Summary16 b. Conclusion16 c. Recommendations17 H. Appendices18 Chapter 1 Introduction Background of the Study The researchers first aimed to find a good project that can conduct even a short amount of electricity through their own simple chemical reaction. We then came upon with zinc’s reaction with acetic acid. In our research it produces a very short amount of voltage. We want to find a way to strengthen the production of electricity without using other components to help us with our task except zinc, copper, vinegar and either a glass or plastic container. If we indeed improve it, would it light an LED bulb, and how much voltage it produces? After agreeing with the said product, we then studied on battery cells. The electric current involved in this research is called electrochemical cells; these cells are used to store chemical energy to eventually move electrons. The more the cells, the stronger the voltage it produces. The electrons can move through the whole circuit by using the copper wire as a connecting wire and be able to light up our LED bulb. Lastly, in our early research, more than one cell is then called a battery. 1 Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine if the chemical reaction of zinc with acetic acid can produce electricity and if ever, how can it produce more. We aim to answer the following questions: 1. How can zinc and acetic acid produce more electric voltage? 2. Is it enough to light an LED bulb? 3. How many containers that it takes to light the LED bulb? Formulation of the Hypothesis The researchers hypothesized that we wouldn’t fully lit the LED bulb but only to light it up due to the low voltage it produces. 2 Significance of the Study We opt to understand the chemical reaction of zinc on acetic acid and learn its balanced equation. And on further testing, we want to use this to take advantage on saving batteries for other uses. Through this study, the researchers hoped to help and teach the following people. a. House owners – House owners always want to save electricity, this can be a substitute on objects that only need small amount of voltage to run. And with simple materials, they can understand and learn how electric current move and work. b. Students on Chemistry Class – The chemical reaction can help them with their studies even though it’s just simple. It can let them understand how chemical reaction important on our daily life because it is everywhere. c. Scientists – Zinc’s reaction on acetic acid produces hydrogen gas in a form of a bubble; scientists can study on producing this gas to enhance our knowledge on the most abundant element on the universe. d. Electric Engineer – They might want to expound the idea of this study and try to reduce it to the size of an AA battery. 3 Scope and Limitations The research took awhile because we are trying to understand how the electrons from one cell move and adds up the voltage, and while we tried it out, we had a hard time fixing up the wires and finding the right container. We then found valuable information from the Internet through tons of searching and reading. Most of the information went from people’s opinion on how the battery works. And we read that the zinc slowly dissolves on vinegar, so the battery might not last long unless you change the zinc afterwards. While the purpose of our study was to understand the chemical reaction of zinc with acetic acid on producing our needed voltage to light the LED bulb. Definition of Terms Vinegar is a liquid consisting mainly of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and water. The acetic acid is produced by the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria. Zinc is a metallic chemical element; it has the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element of group 12 of the periodic table. Zinc is, in some respects, chemically similar to magnesium, because its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2. Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. 4 Acetic Acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH. It is a colorless liquid that when undiluted is also called glacial acetic acid. Vinegar is roughly 4%-8% of [acetic acid] by volume, making it the main component of vinegar, apart from water. H3O+ (Hydronium Cation) is the positively charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula H3O+. Hydronium, a type of oxonium ion, is formed by the protonation of water (H2O). OH- (Hydroxide) consists of oxygen and a hydrogen atom held together by a covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but usually minor constituent of water. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile and a catalyst. Weak Acid is an acid that dissociates incompletely, releasing only some of its hydrogen atoms into the solution. Thus, it is less capable than a strong acid of donating protons. Cation an ion with fewer electrons than protons, giving it a positive charge. Anion is an ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge. Battery – is a device that produces electricity by a chemical reaction between two substances. 5 Electrochemistry a branch of chemistry that studies chemical reactions which take place in a solution at the interface of an electron conductor and an ionic conductor. These reactions involve electron transfer between the electrode and the electrolyte or species in solution. Electrochemical cell a device capable of either deriving electrical energy from chemical reactions or facilitating chemical reactions through the introduction of electrical energy. 6 Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies Zinc’s Reaction with Acetic Acid The composition of U. S. pennies was changed in 1982. For the preceding 20 years, pennies were an alloy of about 94 % copper and 6 % zinc. The increasing cost of copper made this impractical. Therefore, some 1982 pennies, and all pennies produced after that time, have a pure copper shell with a zinc interior. The new pennies contain only about 2. 4 % copper, and weigh about 2. 5 grams, as opposed to the approximate 3. 1 gram weight of the older type. Zinc is a more reactive metal than copper. In this experiment, you will show that zinc will react with vinegar (an acetic acid solution) to produce hydrogen gas, while copper will not react. Vinegar is a 5 % solution of acetic acid. It is not a very strong acid, nor is it very concentrated. For this reason, the reaction proceeds fairly slowly. The hydrogen gas generated by the reaction bubbles up, because it is less dense than the Penny and the acid solution. 7 However, toward the end of the reaction, some bubbles of hydrogen may adhere to the copper or be trapped inside the shell. If this occurs, the combination of copper and hydrogen gas may be less dense than the acid solution, and what’s left of the penny may actually float. Source: http://www. ectschool. com/webquiz/ects_quizzes/labs/Chemistry%20Experiment/Chemical%20Reactions/The%20Behavior%20of%20Copper%20and%20Zinc%20with%20Acid. pdf Electrochemical Cells An extremely important class of oxidation and reduction reactions are used to provide useful electrical energy in batteries. A simple electrochemical cell can be made from copper and zinc metals with solutions of their sulfates. In the process of the reaction, electrons can be transferred from the zinc to the copper through an electrically conducting path as a useful electric current. An electrochemical cell can be created by placing metallic electrodes into an electrolyte where a chemical reaction either uses or generates an electric current. Electrochemical cells which generate an electric current are called voltaic cells or galvanic cells, and common batteries consist of one or more such cells. In other electrochemical cells an externally supplied electric current is used to drive a chemical reaction which would not occur spontaneously. Such cells are called electrolytic cells. Source: http://hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/hbase/chemical/electrochem. html 8 Chemical Reaction of Zinc on Acetic Acid: Zn(s) + 2CH3COOH(aq) (CH3COO)2Zn(aq) + H2(g) Zn(s) + 2CH3COOH(aq) Zn(OOCCH3)2(aq) + H2(g) Source: http://answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid=20090218161857AAsrFEw Battery a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal, or cathode, and a negative terminal, or anode. Electrolytes allow ions to move between the electrodes and terminals, which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work. Source: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) Acetic Acid Electrical Conductivity Source: http://pubs. acs. org/doi/abs/10. 1021/ja01328a026 9 Electric Current and Copper Copper is a good conductor because, like other metals, it contains free electrons. Free electrons are also known as conduction electrons. Each copper atom provides a single free electron, so there are as many free electrons as atoms. Free electron concentration in copper n = 8. 5 ? 1028 per m3 When a voltage is connected across a piece of copper, it pushes the free electrons so that they flow through the metal – thats an electric current. Notice that the electrons start to flow as soon as the switch is closed. The message to get them moving is instantaneous (in fact it travels close to the speed of light). However, the electrons themselves travel much more slowly. So how does the current come on everywhere as soon as the switch is closed? It is because the free electrons are already spread through the wire. As soon as the switch is closed, there is a force on all the electrons, which gets them moving. Its a bit like a bicycle chain. As soon as you start pedalling, the back wheel starts to turn. The force on the back wheel is instantaneous even though the individual links are travelling at a visible speed. But because the links are already spread around the chain circuit they all start to move at the same time. Source: http://resources. schoolscience. co. uk/CDA/16plus/copelech2pg2. html 10 Voltage Voltage is electric potential energy per unit charge, measured in joules per coulomb ( = volts). It is often referred to as electric potential, which then must be distinguished from electric potential energy by noting that the potential is a per-unit-charge quantity. Like mechanical potential energy, the zero of potential can be chosen at any point, so the difference in voltage is the quantity which is physically meaningful. The difference in voltage measured when moving from point A to point B is equal to the work which would have to be done, per unit charge, against the electric field to move the charge from A to B. Source: http://hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/hbase/electric/elevol. html 11 Chapter 3 Methodology Research Design The research design consists of the following set-up. Fill up any number of containers with vinegar. A copper wire on the start of one container, will be either the positive or negative side of the battery, then zinc connected with a connecting wire connects the two containers, the zinc is on the first container then connects the second container with the connecting wire. Repeat on to connect more cells and to produce higher voltage. Then end with zinc connected with a copper wire while the zinc is soaked on the vinegar and the copper wire is dry outside. Materials Needed Vinegar-LED bulb Containers-Battery Tester Zinc Strips/Nails Copper Strips Connecting Wires 12 Procedure Setting Up: 1. Took some containers and fill them up with vinegar. 2. Took one copper wire and placed hanging on the very first container on any side of the platform. 3. Connected a zinc metal with a connecting wire and soaked the zinc on the first container and the connecting wire on the second container. 4. Continued placing zinc and connecting wire on the second to third container 5. Repeated on until all the containers are connected 6. Placed the last zinc connected with a copper wire on the container (Zinc soaked, Copper wire left hanging outside) Testing the Battery 1. Took out our battery tester and checked the voltage of the battery by touching both copper wires with the respective testing wires. 2. Connected the LED light bulb on the two respective copper wires. 13 Chapter 4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data Presentation of Data, Analysis and Interpretation of Data Table 1: The researchers want to obtain enough voltage to light up an LED bulb; we started from a trial test with glasses and try to work it with a number of containers to obtain our needed, stronger voltage. Trial with Number of Containers Connected Voltage Produced What Happened? LED Bulb? Trial 1 Glass Connected 2 ~0. 90 The researchers’ first attempt to produce electricity, Voltage was too low. No Trial 2 Glass Connected 4 ~1. 55 With 4 Glasses connected to each other, voltage went a little bit higher. No Trial 3 Glass Connected 5 ~2. 20 Same happened with 5 Glasses. No Trial 4 – Ice Cube Tray (small) Connected 12 ~4. 25 We changed our container to an ice cube tray having 12 small slots. Voltage was astonishing and it lit up our LED bulb. Yes 14 Findings The researchers found out that to obtain the needed voltage, we need to have more containers connected to each other because the electrons has to move around, and when it moves, it is reaching more vinegar, more acetic acid therefore producing higher voltage. Results In the results, when more containers are being connected to one another, the higher voltage it produces. But until we had the light bulb to light up we connected 12 small container of an ice cube tray to each other. It didn’t take that much space compared the trial where we used glasses as our container. So on our opinion, the volume of vinegar doesn’t matter as long as we connect more containers to one another, and it produces higher voltage. 15 Chapter 5 Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations Summary The research claims that indeed the zinc can produce electricity when reacted with acetic acid. The way to light up the LED bulb is to connect more containers to one other because the electrons move on each container until it reached the object to be powered. The LED bulb was lit due to a correct amount of containers that will produce enough voltage to light it up. Conclusion So we concluded that acetic acid and zinc can conduct electricity but to produce more means to add more cells just like a simple battery, the more that there are connected the more electricity it produces. We were able to light up an LED bulb with 12 small containers of an ice cube tray, each slot with zinc and copper wire soaked on the vinegar. But the battery wouldn’t last long because of the dissolving of zinc to the acid, but replacing it is easy and won’t take a lot of time. 16 Recommendations We recommend using a container that can supply already more than 5 slots for setting up your battery, just like an ice cube tray that we used. Because if continued with a lot of glasses or large containers, it will take more space than usual. And also, we recommend fixing your wire properly because ours’ look messy. And lastly, if you want to run some things that takes a higher voltage to run, you may want to spend your time on connecting a lot of ice cube tray to one another with the same procedure. 17 Appendices A. Trial 1 on 2 Glasses, not able to light up the LED bulb B. Trial 2 on 4 glasses, not able to light up the LED bulb 18 C. Trial 3 on 5 Glasses, not able to light up the LED D. First Setup on 2 glasses 19 E. Trial 4 on Ice Cube Tray, Lit up the LED bulb F. Lit up our first ever LED bulb with vinegar battery